Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are a class of materials composed of molecules that spontaneously organize and form a monolayer on a solid surface through non-covalent interactions. These monolayers have a wide range of applications in fields such as surface science, materials chemistry, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. SAMs are typically formed by immersing a solid substrate into a solution containing the molecules of interest, which are then adsorbed onto the surface in an organized manner. The organization of the molecules in SAMs can be controlled by adjusting parameters such as the concentration of the molecules in solution, the choice of solvent, and the type of substrate. SAMs have unique properties such as high surface coverage, excellent adhesion to the substrate, and tunable surface chemistry. These properties make SAMs highly versatile materials that can be tailored for specific applications by choosing molecules with desired functionalities. Some common applications of SAMs include controlling surface wettability, modifying surface energy, creating biocompatible surfaces, and constructing nanoscale devices. SAMs have also been used in the development of sensors, electronic devices, and surface coatings. Overall, self-assembled monolayers are a powerful tool for creating well-defined functional surfaces with a wide range of potential applications in various fields of science and technology.